When and for how long is a person able to spread infectious mononucleosis?
Symptoms appear from four to six weeks after exposure. Sometimes, the liver and spleen are affected. Symptoms include fever, sore throat, swollen glands and feeling tired. What are the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis? In rare instances, the virus has been transmitted by blood transfusion. The virus is spread by person-to-person contact, via saliva (on hands or toys, or by kissing). For this reason, it is recognized more often in high school and college students. In developed countries such as the United States, the age of first exposure may be delayed to older childhood and young adult age when symptoms are more likely to result. In underdeveloped countries, people are exposed in early childhood where they are unlikely to develop noticeable symptoms. While most people are exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus sometime in their lives, very few go on to develop the symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. It is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is a member of the herpesvirus family.
Infectious mononucleosis is a viral disease that affects certain blood cells. Infectious Mononucleosis (mono, EBV mononucleosis)
All Health Care Professionals & Patient Safety. Clinical Guidelines, Standards & Quality of Care. Health & Safety in the Home, Workplace & Outdoors. Birth, Death, Marriage & Divorce Records. There's a chance of spreading the virus through blood products. If you know you have mono, don't donate blood. Don't kiss and don't share dishes, glasses, eating utensils, or toothbrushes for at least a few weeks. Too much activity increases the chance that your spleen may break open (rupture). Don't play contact sports for 4 weeks. Take an over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve), for a sore throat or headache or to lower a fever. To make salt water, mix 1 teaspoon (5 mL) of salt in 1 cup (250 mL) of warm water. For a sore throat, suck on lozenges or gargle with salt water. Stay in bed until you feel well enough to be up. Here are some things you can do to ease mono symptoms. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce swelling of the throat, tonsils, or spleen. Treatment for mono usually involves self-care measures like rest and over-the counter medicines to reduce pain and fever. CMV can cause an illness that's like mono. If the mono test is negative, your doctor may test you for an infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) or other organisms. Liver tests may be done to find out if the virus has affected your liver. Other tests may be done if complications of mono occur or if the mono tests are negative. This may be done to help rule out other infections or complications of mono. It's possible for the monospot test to come back negative early in the course of the infection ( false negative). Mono tests (including the monospot test and EBV antibody test). This may include looking at your throat, checking your skin, and pressing on your belly.īlood tests to help confirm the diagnosis include: Your doctor will also examine you for signs of mono. Your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms and possible exposure to mono. Symptoms usually start 4 to 6 weeks after you're exposed to the virus. Mono can also cause pain in the upper left part of your belly, which may mean that the spleen is enlarged. The most common symptoms of mono include fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, and feeling tired and weak. The virus can also become active and spread to others from time to time throughout your life. You can pass EBV to others for several weeks or months during and after the time you are first infected with EBV. But a person who has a weakened immune system may be at higher risk for mono. You can live in the same house with a person who has mono and never be infected with the virus. Sharing things like drinking glasses, eating utensils, or toothbrushes with a person who is infected with EBV.ĮBV isn't spread by casual contact. Mucus from the nose and throat, and sometimes tears. It's spread when saliva from an infected person gets into another person's mouth.) (A brief kiss on the lips isn't likely to spread EBV. Intimate contact or sharing of saliva. The virus that usually causes mono-the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-can be spread through: Mono goes away on its own, but rest and good self-care can help you feel better. And then it can leave you feeling tired and weak for weeks or months. It can start with a sore throat and swollen glands. Mononucleosis (mono) is a common illness caused by a virus. Condition Basics What is mononucleosis (mono)?
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